我国于今年春节前后一连发生了多起自杀事件，其中有多宗涉及青少年与母亲携子女自杀事件。除了谴责自杀者自私以外，难道就是等着下一宗与下下一宗的案件？特此摘录台湾张家铭医生文章：
清晨醒来阅报，头版的斗大标题映入眼帘：『高县家庭悲剧，父灌毒与两幼女同死』。又是一个「携子自杀」的桉例，为何这样的悲剧在台湾一再发生，是不是有什麽方法可以预防呢？
「携子自杀」，表面的意思是父亲或母亲(甚至双方)带孩子一同自杀，实际上是两个阶段，一个是杀人、一个是自杀。孩子自己自杀的机率不高，却无力抵抗父母的加害。于是多是父母先行用各种方法杀害孩子之后，自己再自杀。加害者是父母，受害者是孩子。
基于希望能够了解「携子自杀」的特徵，进而找到可能的预防之道，笔者在去年曾以「携子自杀」为主题进行研究。透过「报纸标题资料库」的检索，追溯民国八十一年到九十年十年之间，国内六家主要报纸所有有关携子自杀的报导，共蒐集到七十八个「携子自杀」的桉例。确实发现，这样的情形在台湾有越来越多的趋势。七十八个桉例中，有一半以上是发生在最后三年，分别是民国八十八年14件，八十九年12件，及民国九十年18件。除了数量有上升的趋势之外，也有时间丛距的效应。也就是说，会在一段时间连续发生好几起类似事件。这证实了携子自杀事件有模彷的效应，也提醒媒体在报导时要小心。
78桉中，共有父携子自杀35件，母携子自杀33件，全家一起自杀10件，最多的是一家六口一起自杀。加害者的年龄多在三十到四十岁之间，被害者则多为国小或学龄前的幼童。方式仍以服药、服毒者居多，烧炭自杀也有增加的趋势。经济、失业与家庭冲突常是促发的因素。
在杀子的动机上，「利他型」的佔三分之二，也就是说这些家长认为带孩子一起走是对他们最好的选择。有些孩子年幼，甚至有身心障碍，父母担心自己离开世上后无人可託付，担心孩子在世上受苦。其次是「报复型」，约佔四分之一，常常是父母争执之后，一方带走孩子而后自杀，要让另一方永远后悔。
携子自杀的增加，固然与失业、经济、家庭不合等因素有关，也要考虑传统文化的影响。「君要臣死，臣不得不死！」于是「父要子死，子不能不死！」东方的父母常将孩子视为自己的资产，自己有权利决定孩子的生死。当自己没有路可以走，认为孩子也该与自己一样。与西方的文献比较，东方社会携子自杀的比例，确实较西方社会来得高。
很多国内外的研究都发现，自杀与精神疾病有关，特别是忧鬱症。报导中发现，携子自杀的女性加害者，生前有精神疾病的较男性为多。这可能是女性较易得忧鬱症，也可能是男性较不愿就医。而男性加害者的加害或自杀方式，多较女性来的残忍，这与自杀的研究结论是类似的。
关于携子自杀的预防策略上，笔者有四点建议：第一、忧鬱症的患者不只可能自杀也有可能杀人，特别是杀子。临床医师对于忧鬱的中年父母亲，特别是伴随有家庭失和、失业、经济等问题时，需要小心评估处理。第二、父母不该剥夺孩子生存的权利，自己有忧鬱与现实的问题应该寻求协助。第三、社会支持系统应该提供需要协助家庭紧急协助，并保护无辜的孩童。第四、媒体在报导类似事件时要小心，以避免模彷效应。
唤醒社会大众保护儿童的意识
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yufan
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语言没有正确或错误，只有规范与否！
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*小周
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別讓孩子再受害
2011-10-25
4名年僅10歲及11歲的男童，竟然涉嫌多次誘騙同校的7歲女童到油棕園一間木屋，輪流上陣性侵女童。這是性教育的失敗？還是父母管教的失敗？
個人認為，在電腦資訊發達的時代里，任何資訊都可以輕易從網路上取得，我相信現代的孩子有很多機會，可以輕易接觸這些黃色資訊，一味避免孩子接觸黃色資訊顯然行不通，為他們建立正確的性觀念、對性說“不”才是最重要及有效的長久之計。
有效制定性教育及性概念的內容需要深入的研究，這包括與受害者及施暴者交談，瞭解他們對“性”的理解，找出被誤解、扭曲及忽略的地方，我們需要社 會、兒童、家庭、兩性或心理學家的參與，建立一套完整的性教育課程及理論，而不是單純站在大人或過來人（兒童）的角度，來制定性教育內容。
根據觀察，許多兒童性侵犯案件是由老師揭發，我們更希望老師能扮演更深入的角色，阻止悲劇的發生，這不是要增加老師的負擔，而是在破碎家庭日益增加的情況下，可以避免兒童受害的人除了他們的父母及親人外，就只剩下老師。
老師有老師的苦衷、難處，學校除了有傳授學術的老師外，更應該保障及認同輔導老師的地位及功能，由專門的輔導老師去策劃系列有益學生身心的活動及醒 覺運動，學生除了要學習基本的知識外，他們也需要被灌輸生活上的知識，這些知識不是用“教”的，而是用“體驗”的，學生必須要親自去體驗，才能有深刻的印 象；比如學校定期舉行“性教育活動”，鼓勵學生發揮他們的想法，參與資料的策劃及活動的參與。性教育不是一門禁忌，不讓孩子接觸性課題也不意味著孩子永遠 沒事。
我相信市面上有許多可行的性教育理念，惟當局應該認真看待，收集及整合這些資訊，積極推廣，在網絡及平面媒體上散發有關資訊，才算有效。
關於“性”方面的悲劇及負面資訊太多了，林林總總，包括未婚生子、太早談不成熟的戀愛、性援交等等，突顯太多的國人對性持著不成熟的看法，更對避孕一無所知，也不知道如何避孕，相信有更多的成年人對性一知半解，更不知道提早掌握性知識的好處。
如果數學、物理、化學有一套完整的單元及內容，每年定期傳授給學生，我也很希望性教育也可以一套完整的單元及內容，定期灌輸給學生們，而性教育不應該附屬在生物之下。
父母畢竟責任還是最大的。大家一定很好奇5名當事人的家庭背景。是疏於管教？缺乏關愛？任由孩子到處行走？我們不知道4名男童為甚麼有這樣的機會， 帶女童到油棕園的木屋這種偏遠的地方，他們究竟有甚麼方法，可以逃出父母及老師的眼皮下？還是一切是成人的漠視所造成？或是家長及老師無能為力管教及關懷 孩子們？不管答案是甚麼，悲劇的發生，我們應該按住憤怒，擦掉眼淚，真正為我們的孩子做出一點行動。
星洲日報／言路‧作者：何春萍
http://opinions.sinchew-i.com/node/21397
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*小周
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又一宗因大人疏忽而导致意外发生的悲剧……
实在不忍心苛责，仅能再三提醒，孩子还小，请别让您的视线离开他们，即使是须臾片刻。
实在不忍心苛责，仅能再三提醒，孩子还小，请别让您的视线离开他们，即使是须臾片刻。
母外出开店●独留冲凉房 女童栽水桶溺毙
二零一一年十月二十八日 下午五时四十三分
（怡保28日讯）1名3岁小孩不知何故于今早被母亲发现头倒栽入冲凉房的水桶!当被发现时，惊慌失措的母亲立刻抱起女儿赶往附近的诊所求救，惟小女孩已回魂乏术。
这起事故发生在周五上午10时20分。
……
据了解，于今早当死者的母亲协助死者冲凉完毕之后，留下死者独自一人在冲凉房内，母亲则外出不远的地方准备开店；由于死者母亲久未见小死者出现，返回家查看时，赫然发现死者头倒插在水桶里，而大感惊慌。
据知，死者母亲过后立刻把小死者抱起奔向附近的诊所求治，惟小死者当时已气绝多时。
……
http://www.kwongwah.com.my/news/2011/10/28/113.html
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*小周
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Safeguarding children’s future
Reflecting On The Law by SHAD SALEEM FARUQI
Wednesday November 2, 2011
IN recognition of Children’s Day, I wish to dedicate this column to the increasingly important issue of children’s rights.
John Kennedy once said that “children are the world’s most valuable resource and its best hope for the future”.
The finest gift we, the adults, can bequeath to posterity is to ensure a safe, healthy, happy, educated and able generation of future youths.
Ancient cultures entrusted heads of families with omnipotent authority over their children.
Infants and adolescents were comparable to property and, therefore, sellable. They had no safeguards against irresponsible and abusive exercise of parental authority.
However, in the 20th century, the idea that children too have human rights and a need for special protection began to be embodied in national and international codes.
Children have the right to a safe and secure environment, an adequate standard of living, healthcare, education, play and recreation. These include a balanced diet, a warm bed to sleep on, and access to compulsory and free schooling.
Children also have the right to protection from abuse, neglect, exploitation and discrimination. This includes the right to safe places for children to play, constructive child rearing behaviour and protection against parents and guardians who indulge in child neglect or abuse. The minimum working age should be raised and there should be regulation of child labour and exploitation.
Disabled children, orphans, street children, stateless and refugee kids, victims of intra-family violence including physical, mental and emotional abuse deserve state support. Child marriages, sale and trafficking of children, child prostitution and child pornography should be combated with the might of the law.
There are contentious issues about how to deal with juvenile delinquents involved in criminal and underground activities, corporal punishment, juvenile incarceration without parole and death penalty for people under 21.
Most legal systems recognise different rules for juveniles caught in the web of criminal justice and special provisions for legal representation. Most legal systems seek to rehabilitate institutionalised children back into society.
Children too have the right to participate in community life and have programmes and services for themselves. This includes involvement in libraries, community programmes, youth activities and the right to be consulted on decisions affecting their lives. A contentious issue in custody proceedings is whether and to what extent the child’s wishes are relevant or whether the judge’s concept of the interest of the child is paramount. In some countries, children often sue their parents for emancipation. In the matter of a juvenile’s choice of religion, the approach in the United States is that a child who has reached “the age of discretion” is allowed to exercise autonomy in matters of conscience.
In Malaysia, in the Susie Teoh case, the court held that a child below 18 must follow his parent’s choice. This often causes painful dilemmas when one parent or both convert to another religion from the one the child was born in. The United Nation’s 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is a legally binding international instrument that incorporates the full range of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights for children. The CRC is the most widely accepted human rights treaty with 190 ratifications including Malaysia’s.
In the Asian and African context, Malaysia has done well on children’s rights. Our ratification of the convention is backed by a number of laudatory domestic provisions.
We have the Child Act 2001 and the Domestic Violence Act 1994 that seek to create a protective legal environment for children. Anti-trafficking laws are in place. There are special rules for juvenile justice. Rights in respect of education, prohibition of slavery and forced labour are mentioned in the Constitution. Incest is a Penal Code offence.
Access to primary and secondary education is widespread. School fees for poor children were recently abolished. Free vaccinations, healthcare and family planning aid and advice are generally available. Incredible progress has been made on girls’ education. The number of babies dying before five years of age is insignificant. Unwed mothers were recently provided with baby hatches.
Of course, there are unmet challenges and undesired and undesirable consequences of some existing laws and practices.
In schools, however, we unwisely “stream” our children into science and arts streams, causing psychological damage and humiliation to many young kids. Our obsession with extra tuition classes and extra-curricular activities keeps our children tied to strict work regimes.
They hardly have time to enjoy childhood, fly kites, play marbles, chase butterflies and do the things we used to do as a child. Their childhood has been robbed.
Recreational facilities of the natural type for children are slowly disappearing. Rivers are turning into open sewerages. Many streams with fish have disappeared. Hills are being carted away by developers. Forests are being denuded. The environment is increasingly polluted.
I sometimes wonder what kind of a world we are going to bequeath to our children and grandchildren.
*Shad Faruqi is Emeritus Professor at UiTM and Visiting Professor at USM.
http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?fi ... &sec=focus
Reflecting On The Law by SHAD SALEEM FARUQI
Wednesday November 2, 2011
IN recognition of Children’s Day, I wish to dedicate this column to the increasingly important issue of children’s rights.
John Kennedy once said that “children are the world’s most valuable resource and its best hope for the future”.
The finest gift we, the adults, can bequeath to posterity is to ensure a safe, healthy, happy, educated and able generation of future youths.
Ancient cultures entrusted heads of families with omnipotent authority over their children.
Infants and adolescents were comparable to property and, therefore, sellable. They had no safeguards against irresponsible and abusive exercise of parental authority.
However, in the 20th century, the idea that children too have human rights and a need for special protection began to be embodied in national and international codes.
Children have the right to a safe and secure environment, an adequate standard of living, healthcare, education, play and recreation. These include a balanced diet, a warm bed to sleep on, and access to compulsory and free schooling.
Children also have the right to protection from abuse, neglect, exploitation and discrimination. This includes the right to safe places for children to play, constructive child rearing behaviour and protection against parents and guardians who indulge in child neglect or abuse. The minimum working age should be raised and there should be regulation of child labour and exploitation.
Disabled children, orphans, street children, stateless and refugee kids, victims of intra-family violence including physical, mental and emotional abuse deserve state support. Child marriages, sale and trafficking of children, child prostitution and child pornography should be combated with the might of the law.
There are contentious issues about how to deal with juvenile delinquents involved in criminal and underground activities, corporal punishment, juvenile incarceration without parole and death penalty for people under 21.
Most legal systems recognise different rules for juveniles caught in the web of criminal justice and special provisions for legal representation. Most legal systems seek to rehabilitate institutionalised children back into society.
Children too have the right to participate in community life and have programmes and services for themselves. This includes involvement in libraries, community programmes, youth activities and the right to be consulted on decisions affecting their lives. A contentious issue in custody proceedings is whether and to what extent the child’s wishes are relevant or whether the judge’s concept of the interest of the child is paramount. In some countries, children often sue their parents for emancipation. In the matter of a juvenile’s choice of religion, the approach in the United States is that a child who has reached “the age of discretion” is allowed to exercise autonomy in matters of conscience.
In Malaysia, in the Susie Teoh case, the court held that a child below 18 must follow his parent’s choice. This often causes painful dilemmas when one parent or both convert to another religion from the one the child was born in. The United Nation’s 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) is a legally binding international instrument that incorporates the full range of civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights for children. The CRC is the most widely accepted human rights treaty with 190 ratifications including Malaysia’s.
In the Asian and African context, Malaysia has done well on children’s rights. Our ratification of the convention is backed by a number of laudatory domestic provisions.
We have the Child Act 2001 and the Domestic Violence Act 1994 that seek to create a protective legal environment for children. Anti-trafficking laws are in place. There are special rules for juvenile justice. Rights in respect of education, prohibition of slavery and forced labour are mentioned in the Constitution. Incest is a Penal Code offence.
Access to primary and secondary education is widespread. School fees for poor children were recently abolished. Free vaccinations, healthcare and family planning aid and advice are generally available. Incredible progress has been made on girls’ education. The number of babies dying before five years of age is insignificant. Unwed mothers were recently provided with baby hatches.
Of course, there are unmet challenges and undesired and undesirable consequences of some existing laws and practices.
In schools, however, we unwisely “stream” our children into science and arts streams, causing psychological damage and humiliation to many young kids. Our obsession with extra tuition classes and extra-curricular activities keeps our children tied to strict work regimes.
They hardly have time to enjoy childhood, fly kites, play marbles, chase butterflies and do the things we used to do as a child. Their childhood has been robbed.
Recreational facilities of the natural type for children are slowly disappearing. Rivers are turning into open sewerages. Many streams with fish have disappeared. Hills are being carted away by developers. Forests are being denuded. The environment is increasingly polluted.
I sometimes wonder what kind of a world we are going to bequeath to our children and grandchildren.
*Shad Faruqi is Emeritus Professor at UiTM and Visiting Professor at USM.
http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?fi ... &sec=focus
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*小周
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- Location: 农林园
Child Act 2001
Malaysia enacted the Child Act 2001 [Act 611] to fulfill its obligation under the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Act 611 repealed the Juvenile Courts Act 1947 [Act 90], the Women and Girls Protection Act 1973 [Act 106] and the Child Protection Act 1991 [Act 468].
Act 611’s preamble provides that every child is entitled to protection and assistance in all circumstances without regard to distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, social origin or physical, mental or emotional disabilities or any status. The provisions of Act 611 are based on the four core principles of the CRC that is, non-discrimination, best interest of the child, the right to life, survival and development and respect for the views of the child.
In 2001, the Act also established the National Council for the Protection of Children, which advises the Government on child protection issues while the National Advisory and Consultative Council for Children acts as a national focal point for children's wellbeing and development.
Act 611 also requires the setting up of Child Protection Teams and Child Activity Centres at both state and district levels. Aimed at mobilising community participation in the implementation of preventive and rehabilitative programs, these initiatives are targeted for children at risk or children vulnerable to all forms of abuse and exploitation.
In terms of administration of juvenile justice, Act 611 provides for a procedure before the Court for Children which is child-friendly taking into account the mental and emotional maturity of a child.
http://www.unicef.org/malaysia/children ... -2001.html
Malaysia enacted the Child Act 2001 [Act 611] to fulfill its obligation under the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Act 611 repealed the Juvenile Courts Act 1947 [Act 90], the Women and Girls Protection Act 1973 [Act 106] and the Child Protection Act 1991 [Act 468].
Act 611’s preamble provides that every child is entitled to protection and assistance in all circumstances without regard to distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, social origin or physical, mental or emotional disabilities or any status. The provisions of Act 611 are based on the four core principles of the CRC that is, non-discrimination, best interest of the child, the right to life, survival and development and respect for the views of the child.
In 2001, the Act also established the National Council for the Protection of Children, which advises the Government on child protection issues while the National Advisory and Consultative Council for Children acts as a national focal point for children's wellbeing and development.
Act 611 also requires the setting up of Child Protection Teams and Child Activity Centres at both state and district levels. Aimed at mobilising community participation in the implementation of preventive and rehabilitative programs, these initiatives are targeted for children at risk or children vulnerable to all forms of abuse and exploitation.
In terms of administration of juvenile justice, Act 611 provides for a procedure before the Court for Children which is child-friendly taking into account the mental and emotional maturity of a child.
http://www.unicef.org/malaysia/children ... -2001.html
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老黄
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看到这两则新闻，还真心寒！我国法律该如何诠释？保护犯罪者，还是保护儿童？
保齡球州手姦少女判決掀爭議‧“簽保守行表示已定罪”‧上訴庭：被告非獲免罪
2012-08-27
http://www.sinchew.com.my/node/258965?tid=1
（布城27日訊）上訴庭說，雖然國家保齡球選手諾阿菲沙強姦13歲少女，獲准以2千500令吉簽保守行5年而逃過牢獄刑罰，但這項懲罰並沒有開脫他所犯下的罪行。
上訴庭主席丹斯里勞勿斯在14頁的書面判詞中說，在刑事程序法典第294條文下，一人獲簽保守行其實就是被定罪，而有關罪刑將被記錄在案。
“它將會是一個人的犯罪記錄的一部份，有生之年都會永遠有這項記錄。”
諾阿菲沙因犯下法定強姦罪，被判簽保守行引起許多公民團體不滿，承審此上訴案的勞勿斯法官今天發表14頁的書面判詞理由。
勞勿斯說，上訴庭要澄清對刑事程序法典第294條文應用的誤解。
他指出，在此案中，諾阿菲沙獲判緩刑，他在這5年內行為需良好，將逃過牢獄刑罰。
“如果他沒有遵守簽保條件，他將被逮捕，並以原有的強姦罪行加以處置。”
勞勿斯在我國司法界為第二高的法官，他說：“有如馬六甲地庭法官，我們希望緩刑將給予他（諾阿菲沙）另一個機會，以及他能改過自新。”
“如果緩刑的庭令能達到讓他改過的效果，那麼公共利益已經有效達到。”
他說，如果諾阿菲沙年紀稍大或使用暴力或脅迫，他將不會只被判簽保守行。
勞勿斯說：“上訴人（諾阿菲沙）並沒有使用詭計騙少女屈服於他，如果他沒有和警方合作，以及對其行為沒有任何懺悔或沒有保證今後不再重犯同樣罪行，我們將毫不猶豫，有如我們對其它許多相同性質案件的做法，施予較長的監禁刑罰。
“但這裡是一名年輕男孩，對其所作所為感到極度後悔，並且認罪尋求法庭的憐憫。”
勞勿斯說，判刑是法官最困難的工作；在此案中，一名19歲少男和一名13歲又4個月的少女在2010年7月5日入住一間酒店過夜，雙方發生兩廂情願的性行為。
他在判詞中說，隔天早上，少男送少女回家，少女沒有向任何人投訴，直到7月19日少女的父親讀到少女在日記上透露和上訴人發生性關係後，此事才被揭發。
他指出，雖然少女向父親重複否認日記的真實性，但父親還是於2010年7月20日報警；上訴人向警方自首，最後在地庭被提控。
他說，上訴人起初否認有罪，但在少女的父親被控方傳召為第一證人後承認有罪。
以勞勿斯為首的上訴庭三司是於本月8日批准諾阿菲沙的上訴，恢復馬六甲地庭判他因犯下法定強姦罪，以2千500令吉簽保守行5年的判決。
上訴庭撤銷馬六甲高庭將其刑罰加重至坐牢5年的判決。
現年21歲的諾阿菲沙承認於2010年7月5日介於午夜12時30分至清晨5時之間，在馬六甲愛極樂一間酒店強姦一名13歲少女。
劳勿斯法官說，地庭法官在判諾阿菲沙守行時考慮所有相關的因素，包括公眾利益因素，雙方同意發生性行為、諾阿菲沙認罪及對其行為感到極度懺悔，以及他是一名年輕的犯罪者。
他詢問，所有青少年犯下類似的罪行如上訴人，是否必須被判以監禁？
他說，對年輕罪犯判刑的良好接受原理是盡可能及依據罪行的性質，讓年輕犯罪者遠離監獄，特別是有當其它更足夠的途徑處置他們。
他補充：“判刑是一名法官最困難的任務，我們可以想像地庭法官及高庭司法專員在審理此案時面對的情境。”
勞勿斯也說，對類似案件所判的任何判刑必須根據每宗案件的實情，即是“既不可行或要嘗試定下固定的判刑以監督這樣的案件”。
他說：“上訴庭的這些觀察不應被詮釋為有意應用在所有涉及青少年被提控類似罪行，如此案上訴人的所有案件。”
諾阿菲沙在本月8日獲上訴庭恢復地庭判他因強姦13歲少女簽保守行後，引起輿論一片嘩然；數個公民團體，包括婦女組織如大馬平權行動組織，要求上訴庭進一步詮釋讓被告守行5年的判詞。
由6個婦女組織組成的大馬平權行動組織說，上訴庭的判決已打開先例，對強姦犯持有雙重標準；這些組織也認為上訴庭裁決已傳達一項錯誤訊息，即任何人只要有“正確的憑據〞就可觸法和免受刑罰。
勞勿斯當時在口頭判決中說，他同意諾阿菲沙律師指如果判這名保齡球手監禁將不能達到公眾利益，因為這名保齡球手擁有“光明前途”。
（ 星洲日報）
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老黄
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http://www.sinchew.com.my/node/259062?tid=1
涉強姦未成年少女案‧電氣工人守行3年
2012-08-28 19:14
（檳城28日訊）繼國家保齡球選手諾阿菲沙強姦13歲少女，獲准以2千500令吉簽保守行5年而逃過牢獄刑罰後，檳城一名涉嫌強姦13歲未成年少女的電氣工人，今天也獲簽保守行不必坐牢。
地方法庭法官希達倫基於被告為年輕罪犯，案發時未滿21歲，與受害者為情侶關係，雙方在你情我願情況下發生關係，宣判22歲年輕的被告由父母以2萬5千令吉簽保守行3年，逃過牢獄刑罰。
法官指出，福利局調查報告指被告無犯罪紀錄，他受教育不高，讀到中二就輟學，15歲出來社會工作。
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老黄
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老黄
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